President Alberto Fernández decreed the reinstatement of ten sailors who had been discharged from force after participating in the uprising in 1972 at the then Mechanical School of the Navy (ESMA) against the dictatorship of Alejandro Lanusse and supporting the return of General Juan Domingo Perón from exile.
Through decree 125/2022, published today in the Official Gazette, the president and the Minister of Defense, Jorge Taiana, promoted a group of former corporals who participated in the uprising on November 17, 1972. The men at arms had been displaced and thrown out of the Argentine Navy by this political resistance, with criminal charges and other offenses being charged.
With the measure issued this Tuesday, there are already 22 sailors who obtained an official demand for accompanying Perón's return and not collaborating with the de facto regime of the “Argentine Revolution”. This “closes a cycle” of recognition that began in 2005 during the administration of Néstor Kirchner, official sources of the Ministry of Defence indicated.
As of today, Victor Adolfo Mounet, Hector Dionisio Galván, Pedro Eusebio Fontanetto, Walter Orlando Burgos, Andrés Ruiz, Herminio Fiore, Alberto José Bazán, Juan Jose Galvan, Amado Enrique López and Marcos Domingo Luna were reinstated to the Armed Forces and will be subject to the condition of compulsory retirement, with the right to receive a 100% pension of an estimated figure of 69,000 pesos.
In addition, they all received a promotion in two grades and were promoted to the rank of principal corporal.
Kirchnerist efforts had already issued such orders that benefit those who took up arms during the de facto government of Lanusse. The first recognition came during Néstor Kirchner's administration, when he reinstated four of the promoters of the uprising: Aníbal Acosta, Ricardo Luis Hirsch, Julio Cesar Urien and Mario Actis.
The case was presented as the “democratic” soldiers who opposed state terrorism and who did not choose the path of the repressor Alfredo Astiz, the head of the Navy who belonged to the same litter. According to their testimonies, it was intended to create with them a “task force that anticipated the repression that followed”.
Urien - who recently became known for his participation in the marches to Lake Escondido in Neuquén - was one of the visible faces of a claim that carries more than four decades. Like other sailors who rebelled, Urien was imprisoned in the 1970s until the Amnesty Law was enacted during the term of Hector Campora, passed on May 25, 1973. At that time, the rebels recovered their posts, although they did not indicate a destination.
After the death of Perón, his successor in power, María Estela Martínez de Perón, issued a decree that gave the compulsory discharge of all revolts. In this context of instability and convulsion, Urien was arrested again. He was in prison until 1983, when democracy was restored. Other comrades, such as Mario Galli and Juan Domingo Tejerino, were detained-disappeared during the repression.
The petitions before the Argentine Justice of this group of comrades-in-arms for the fallen wages had a winding path, with adverse failures during the administration of Carlos Saúl Menem. The arguments against it pointed to the statute of limitations of the case. In this context, the litigants decided to appeal to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in 1996.
Almost a decade after that, then-President Néstor Kirchner began a process of recognition of these soldiers in the White Room of the Pink House in 2005. He did it in front of the General Staff of the Armed Forces. Three years later, in October 2008, another decree by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner claimed eight second ends with similar criteria. This last decree covered Eduardo Berruet, Edgardo Lioi, José Aredes, Rubén Moschini, Mario Romano, Julio Cesar Albornoz, Fidel Rodriguez and Sergio Polidori.
The litter of the ten capes who rejoined the Navy on Tuesday came at the request that the same conditions apply to the reparation measures already implemented in previous decrees 1404/05 and 1499/10. The calculation of pensions will take effect from 7 April 2011 for most of them, while for Marcos Luna it will apply from May 2012.
It is estimated that some 60 seafarers were arrested during the ESMA uprising in 1972. The incident coincided in a turbulent climate in which the Peronist militancy had launched the “Operation Return” with the slogans “Fight and Come Back”. They sought to promote the return of Perón's exile from Spain and end the electoral ban on justicialism.
On the night before General Perón's iconic return, a large group of midshipmen and non-commissioned officers from ESMA ignored the hierarchies and went out armed on their way to Ezeiza to receive the top leader of the PJ to join the Montoneros columns. During the maneuver, Corporal Juan Luis Contreras, who was not participating in the uprising, died. But the insurrection was disrupted. Surrounded by tanks, the group was intercepted at dawn in Lomas de Zamora. A spy from Aeronautics had revealed the maneuver.
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